Aphids, often known as greenflies or blackflies, are tiny insects with a big impact. These soft-bodied creatures, barely the size of a pinhead, are master sap-suckers, and their presence can be both fascinating and frustrating for gardeners and farmers alike. Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that are common pests of cucurbit crops, such as cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and squash. They feed on the sap of plants, which can stunt growth, reduce yields, and transmit diseases.
- Type of Infestation: Pest
- Common Name: Aphids
- Causal Organism: Aphis Gossypii
- Affected Parts Of the plant: Leaves, Flowers, Stem, fruit
Identification:
- Aphids are tiny, typically less than 1/8 inch (3 mm) in length.
- They have a pear-shaped or oval body, which is often described as soft and plump.
- The most common colors are green, yellow, brown, and black.
- Some species can be pink, red, or even white.
- Regardless of their base color, aphids are often somewhat translucent, giving them a soft and plump appearance.
- Aphids have long, slender antennae that extend from their head.
- They also have prominent, tube-like structures called cornicles that project from the rear of their abdomen.
Environmental favorable factors for pests/Diseases:
- Temperature: 70-85°F (21-29°C) is considered the "sweet spot" for most aphid species infesting cucurbits. This range allows for rapid reproduction and development, leading to population booms.
- Humidity: Aphids generally prefer moderate humidity levels, ranging from 50-70%. This allows them to balance water intake and loss, maintaining their body functions effectively.
Symptoms of Pest/Disease:
- Yellowing and stippling of leaves: This is caused by the aphids sucking out the chlorophyll, the green pigment responsible for photosynthesis.
- Curling and distortion of leaves: Aphid feeding can cause the leaves to curl inwards or become puckered.
- Stunted growth and wilting: If the infestation is severe, the plant may not be able to get enough nutrients and water, leading to stunted growth and wilting.
- Honeydew: Aphids excrete a sticky substance called honeydew, which can attract ants and other pests. Honeydew can also grow a black mold, further damaging the plant.
Measures to control Pests/Diseases:
Products | Technical Names | Dosages |
K - Acepro | Acetamiprid 20 % SP | 60 to 80 grams per acre |
FOXY | Fipronil 4% + Thiomethoxam 4% SC | 350 ml/acre |
Thioxam | Thiamethoxam 25 % wg | 200 g/ha |
Chakrawarti | Thiamethoxam 12.6 % lambda cyhalothrin 9.5 % zc | 80 ml per acre |