Mango malformation is one of the most devastating diseases that affects mango trees, significantly impacting flower and fruit production. This blog provides comprehensive insights into mango malformation, its types, causes, symptoms, and effective control measures to help farmers protect their mango orchards and enhance productivity.
What is Mango Malformation?
Mango malformation is a fungal disease caused by the pathogen Fusarium moliliforme, which disrupts the normal growth of mango flowers, leaves, and branches. The disease is prevalent in most mango-growing regions in India and affects all popular varieties of mangoes.
There are two primary types of mango malformation:
1. Vegetative Malformation (Leaf Malformation)
In this type, small, bushy leaves grow in clusters on a single branch, hindering further growth. The vegetative growth of the plant is completely arrested, leading to a stunted appearance.
2. Floral Malformation
Floral malformation is more harmful as it directly affects flowering and fruit production. In this condition:
- Mango flowers exhibit abnormal growth, often becoming two to three times their usual size.
- Fruits either fail to form or fall prematurely if they do develop.
Causes of Mango Malformation
Several factors contribute to mango malformation, including:
- Fungal Infection: The primary cause is Fusarium moliliforme, a soil-borne fungal pathogen. It disrupts plant growth and development by attacking the plant's vascular system.
- Genetic Factors: Using infected seeds or grafting material from diseased plants can transmit the disease to the next generation of mango trees.
- Low Temperature: Cooler temperatures, particularly between October and February, can exacerbate the disease. This is why malformation is more common in northern India compared to southern regions.
Symptoms of Mango Malformation
Identifying symptoms early is crucial for effective disease management. Key symptoms include:
- Clustered Leaves: Small, bushy leaf clusters at one point on the branch.
- Abnormal Flowering: Unusual enlargement of flowers, which fail to develop into fruits.
- Stunted Growth: Limited or no vegetative growth in affected branches.
- Premature Fruit Drop: In severe cases, even the few fruits that form drop prematurely.
Control Measures for Mango Malformation
Farmers can take the following steps to manage mango malformation effectively:
Pruning and Disposal:
- Remove and destroy infected branches by pruning them. Ensure proper disposal by burying them deep in the soil or burning them to prevent further spread.
Fungicide Application:
- Spray a combination fungicide containing Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC at a dosage of 20 ml per pump (16 liters of water).
Soil Drenching with Paclobutrazol:
- Use Paclobutrazol 23% SC at 1 ml per liter of water for soil drenching around the roots. Soil drenching ensures better absorption and long-lasting results compared to foliar sprays.
- Paclobutrazol not only helps with flower setting but also extends the shelf life of mango fruits.
Preventive Measures
- Use certified, disease-free planting material.
- Avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers, as they can promote conditions favorable for fungal growth.
- Maintain proper orchard hygiene and spacing to prevent the spread of the disease.
- Monitor temperature and soil moisture levels to reduce disease outbreaks.
Conclusion
Mango malformation is a significant challenge for mango farmers, but with timely intervention and proper disease management strategies, its impact can be minimized. By identifying symptoms early and using the recommended fungicides and cultural practices, farmers can ensure healthier mango trees and better yields.
If you have any questions about mango malformation or need further assistance, drop your queries in the comments below!
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. What is the cause of mango disease?
A. Mango malformation is primarily caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium moliliforme. Other factors like genetic transmission and low temperatures can also contribute to the disease.
Q. What is malformation in plants?
A. Malformation in plants refers to abnormal growth patterns in leaves, flowers, or stems, often caused by pathogens, genetic issues, or environmental factors.
Q. How can mango malformation be treated?
A. Mango malformation can be managed by pruning infected branches, applying fungicides like Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole, and using Paclobutrazol for soil drenching.
Q. Can mango malformation spread to other trees?
A. Yes, mango malformation can spread through fungal spores, infected planting material, or grafting. Proper orchard hygiene is essential to prevent its spread.
Q. When should fungicides be applied to control mango malformation?
A. Fungicides should be applied during the early stages of infection or as a preventive measure before flowering begins. Regular monitoring is essential for timely application.
For more information on pests and diseases, read our other blogs.
- Measures to control Mango hoppers in Mango
- Control Measures of Mango Mealy Bug in Mango
- Effective Management Of Fruit fly In Mango
- Management of Anthracnose Disease in Mango
- Measures to control Fruit Fly in Mango
