Measures to Control Aphids in Citrus Crops

Aphids are tiny, soft-bodied insects that are common pests on citrus plants. They feed on the sap of leaves and stems, which can damage the plant and stunt its growth. In severe infestations, aphids can also transmit diseases to citrus trees. Pierce plant stems, leaves, and flowers with their mouthparts to suck out sap. This can stunt plant growth, cause leaves to curl and deform, and even transmit diseases. They also excrete a sugary substance called honeydew, which attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold, further damaging the plant.

• Type of Infestation: Pest 
• Common Name: Citrus Aphids
• Causal Organism: Toxoptera aurantii
• Affected Parts Of the plant: leaves, Shoots and Fruits

Identification:

•  Tiny insects (1-7mm long) belonging to the superfamily Aphidoidea.
• Common colors include green, yellow, brown, red, and black. Some have a waxy or woolly coat.
• Identified by their pear-shaped bodies, long legs, antennae, and two tube-like structures on their rear (cornicles).

Environmental favorable factors for pests/Diseases:

• Temperature: Aphids generally thrive in mild temperatures, between 15-25°C (59-77°F). Temperatures outside this range can slow down their development and reproduction.
• Humidity: Aphids prefer moderate humidity levels, around 50-70%. They are susceptible to desiccation in dry conditions and fungal diseases in high humidity.

 Symptoms of Pest/Disease:

• Curling of young leaves: This is a common symptom caused by aphids sucking sap from the undersides of leaves, disrupting their growth and causing them to deform.
• Distorted twigs and shoots: Similar to leaves, twigs and shoots can also become twisted and stunted due to aphid feeding.
• Wilting and yellowing of leaves: As aphids drain the nutrients from the leaves, they may start to wilt and turn yellow.
• Honeydew: Aphids excrete a sugary substance called honeydew, which coats the leaves and stems. This sticky substance attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold, further stressing the plant.
• Premature blossom and fruit drop: Damage to flower buds and young fruits can lead to them falling off prematurely.
• Downgraded fruit quality: In severe cases, aphids can affect the size, color, and taste of fruits.

Measures to control Pests/Diseases: