Tikka disease is one of the most common and destructive fungal diseases affecting groundnut crops. It significantly reduces yield and compromises the quality of pods and kernels. This disease thrives under specific environmental conditions and can devastate crops if left unmanaged.
Tikka Disease of Classification
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Early Leaf Spot (ELS):
- Caused by Cercospora arachidicola.
- Spots are brown with a yellow halo.
-
Late Leaf Spot (LLS):
- Caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata.
- Spots are black and circular without a yellow halo.
Both types can appear on leaves, stems, and petioles, affecting the plant's photosynthesis and overall growth.
Symptoms of Tikka Disease
Early Leaf Spot:
- Circular to irregular brown spots with a yellow halo on the upper surface of older leaves.
- Spots may coalesce, leading to premature defoliation.
- Lesions can appear on stems, petioles, and pods in severe infections.
Late Leaf Spot (Phaeoisariopsis personata):
- Smaller, darker brown to black spots on both upper and lower leaf surfaces.
- Lack of a prominent yellow halo compared to early leaf spots.
- Severely infected leaves often curl, dry up, and drop prematurely.
Stem and Pod Lesions:
- Black lesions may develop on stems and pods, weakening the plant and reducing yield quality.
Tikka Disease of Environmental Favorable Factors
- Temperature: Optimal range: 25-30°C.
- Humidity: High relative humidity above 85% favors the development of the disease.
- Rainfall: Frequent rains and waterlogging increase the severity.
- Crop Density: Dense crop canopy and poor air circulation create a microclimate ideal for fungal growth.
Tikka disease of Groundnut - Chemical Control
- KZEB M-45 (MANCOZEB 75% WP) - Dose: 400gm / Acre
- Samartha (CARBENDAZIM 12% + MANCOZEB 63% WP) - Dose: 300 - 400 gm / acre
- Hexa 5 Plus (Hexaconazole 5 SC) - Dose: 200 - 250 ml / Acre
- Boost (Propiconazole 25% EC) - Dose: 200 ml per acre
Conclusion
Tikka disease is a significant threat to groundnut farming, but effective management can minimize its impact. Farmers can protect their crops and ensure healthy yields. Proactive monitoring and timely interventions are the keys to sustainable groundnut farming.
FAQs
Q. What is Tikka disease in groundnut?
A. fungal infection caused by Cercospora arachidicola (early leaf spot) and Phaeoisariopsis personata (late leaf spot), affecting leaves and reducing yield.
Q. What are the symptoms of Tikka disease?
A. Brown spots with yellow halos (ELS) and black circular spots (LLS) on leaves, leading to blighting and defoliation.
Q. What conditions favor Tikka disease?
A. Warm temperatures (25-30°C), high humidity, frequent rain, and dense crop canopies.
Q. What are the chemical control measures for Tikka Disease in Groundnut?
A. Chemical control for tikka disease KZEB M-45, SAMARTHA, Hexa 5 Plus, Boost.
