For wheat farmers, every season brings new challenges-how to increase production and minimize potential losses. One major issue is lodging (crop falling), which commonly occurs after the final irrigation stage. This problem can result in a yield loss of 4-6 quintals per acre.
In this blog, we will discuss the main causes of lodging, effective prevention methods, the importance of proper irrigation, and nutrient management to ensure maximum yield.
What Causes Lodging in Wheat Crops?
Lodging, or crop falling, is a serious problem caused by strong winds, rainfall, or weak plant structure. The main reasons for this issue are:
1. Phosphorus Deficiency
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient that strengthens roots and stems. If wheat plants do not receive sufficient phosphorus in the early stages, the stems remain weak and prone to lodging.
Solution: Apply DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) or phosphorus-rich fertilizers during sowing or the first irrigation.Stronger roots and thicker stems reduce lodging by 80-90%.
2. High Seed Rate (Excessive Seed Density)
Many farmers increase seed quantity per acre in hopes of getting a higher yield. However, excessive seed density causes plants to compete for nutrients, leading to weaker stems and an increased risk of lodging.
Solution:
Maintain a seed rate of 40-45 kg per acre.Proper spacing allows plants to develop strong roots and stems, improving their resistance to lodging.
Key Factors for Proper Grain Filling in Wheat
For higher yield and better grain quality, wheat spikes (ears) must develop fully filled grains. The following steps can maximize grain filling:
1. Timely Irrigation
Proper irrigation during critical growth stages can increase wheat yield by 4-6 quintals per acre.
2. Proper Use of Potassium (Potash)
Potassium deficiency results in weak and shriveled grains, reducing yield and market value.
Solution: Apply MoP (Muriate of Potash) or SOP (Sulphate of Potash) before flowering for stronger, healthier grains.
3. Protection from Fungal Diseases
Rust disease (Ratua) and leaf blight are common fungal infections that affect wheat grain development.
Solution: Keep the flag leaf (top leaf) healthy, as it plays a key role in grain development.Spray fungicides immediately if symptoms appear.
Optimal Irrigation Schedule for Wheat Crop
Wheat crops require 4 to 6 irrigations, depending on the soil type. Light soils need more frequent irrigation, while heavy soils need fewer cycles.
Recommended Irrigation Stages:
First Irrigation (15-20 days after sowing) - Crown root initiation stage.
Second Irrigation (30-35 days after sowing) - Tillering stage.
Third Irrigation (45-55 days after sowing) - Booting stage.
Fourth Irrigation (70-75 days after sowing) - Milking stage (grain filling).
Fifth Irrigation (100 days after sowing) - Grain development stage.
Sixth Irrigation (110-120 days, optional) - Apply if water is available to maximize grain size.
If water is limited, irrigating up to the fifth stage is sufficient for a good yield.
Learn all the essential details about this topic in our YouTube video.
Conclusion
To achieve higher wheat yields, it is crucial to prevent lodging and ensure proper nutrient and irrigation management.
Use phosphorus and potassium to strengthen plant structure.
Avoid excessive irrigation, especially during strong winds.
Maintain optimal seed rate (40-45 kg per acre) for healthier plants.
Apply fungicides on time to protect the crop from fungal diseases.
Irrigate at the right growth stages to ensure proper grain filling.
By implementing these best practices, you can significantly increase wheat production and profits this season!
FAQs - Common Questions About Wheat Cultivation
Q. How to irrigate wheat in water shortage?
A. Ensure 5 irrigations for grain filling. In moist soil, extend intervals and use light watering to prevent lodging. Prefer drip or sprinkler irrigation to save water.
Q. How to increase wheat yield?
A. Use phosphorus & potassium fertilizers, irrigate timely, sow 40-45 kg/acre, apply fungicides, and keep flag leaf healthy for better grain filling.
