Measures to Control Fruit and Shoot Borer in Okra

The fruit and shoot borer (FSB), also known as the spotted bollworm, is a major pest of okra, causing significant yield losses worldwide. It is particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, including India. The female moths lay small, greenish-blue eggs singly on the tender shoots, buds, flowers, and young fruits of the okra plant. The eggs hatch into small, greenish-brown caterpillars with dark markings. These caterpillars bore into the shoots, buds, flowers, and fruits, feeding on the internal tissues. After feeding for about 2-3 weeks, the larvae pupate within silken cocoons on the plant or in the soil. The adult moths emerge from the pupae and mate, completing the life cycle.

• Type of Infestation: Pest
• Common Name: Fruit and Shoot Borer
• Causal Organism: Earias vitella
• Affected Parts Of the plant: Fruit and Flower

 Environmental favorable factors for pests/Diseases:

• Temperature: Warm temperatures for optimal development. In general, temperatures between 25°C and 35°C (77°F and 95°F) are most favorable for their development.
• Humidity: Moderate humidity levels (around 60-70%) provide conducive conditions for egg development and larval survival. Very high or very low humidity can hamper their development and survival.

 Symptoms of Pest/Disease:

• Wilting and drooping of terminal shoots: This is the first sign of damage. The larvae bore into the shoots and feed on the inside, which causes them to wilt and die.

• Holes in fruits: The larvae also bore into fruits and feed on the inside. This creates holes in the fruits, which makes them unmarketable.
• Deformed fruits: The feeding of the larvae can also cause fruits to become deformed.
• Flower and bud drop: The larvae may also feed on flowers and buds, which can cause them to drop.

Measures to control Pests/Diseases: