Powdery Mildew in Chilli Crop

Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that can significantly affect chili crops, causing yield losses and reducing fruit quality. It is caused by the fungus Leveillula taurica, which thrives in warm, humid conditions with poor air circulation. Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Leveillula taurica, can significantly impact chili crops, leading to yield losses ranging from 24% to 80%, depending on various factors like the severity of infection, timing of occurrence, and chili variety.

Identification:

• White, powdery growth: primarily on the undersides of leaves, but it can also appear on stems and even fruits. The growth may resemble dust and easily rubs off if you touch it gently.
• Yellowing or browning of affected areas on leaves and stems.
• Upward curling or distortion of infected leaves.
• Premature leaf drop in severe cases.

Classification:

• Type of Infestation: Disease
• Common Name: Powdery Mildew
• Scientific Name: Leveillula taurica
• Category of Plant Disease: Fungal Disease
• Mode of spread: Air borne, Direct Contact, Infected Seeds
• Affected parts of plant: Leaves, Stem, Flowers

Favorable factors for development of disease:

• Warm temperatures: Powdery mildew thrives in temperatures between 20-28°C (68-82°F). Cooler temperatures below 18°C (64°F) discourage its growth.
• High humidity: The fungus needs moisture to spread and germinate spores. Humidity levels above 60% favor its development. Frequent rain, morning dew, and poor ventilation can contribute to high humidity.
• Poor air circulation: Stagnant air allows spores to linger and facilitates their spread between plants. Overcrowding or dense foliage can restrict airflow.
• Low light: Shade or insufficient sunlight exposure creates a damp environment favorable for powdery mildew growth.                      

Symptoms:

• White, powdery growth: This is the most characteristic symptom, appearing primarily on the undersides of leaves, but it can also spread to stems and even fruits. The growth resembles dust and easily rubs off if gently touched.
• Yellowing or browning: Areas affected by the powdery growth will often turn yellowish or brownish, indicating damage to the plant tissue.
• Leaf curling and distortion: Infected leaves may curl upwards or become distorted due to the fungal growth affecting their structure.
• Premature leaf drop: In severe cases, heavily infected leaves may drop prematurely, leaving the plant bare and vulnerable.

Control measures for Powdery Mildew Disease in Chilli: